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Volver a bibliografía

Problemas endocrinológicos y de la nutrición

Anorexia (como síntoma)

  • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. Domperidona*: supresión de la indicación en pediatría y recordatorio de las contraindicaciones en adultos y adolescents. AEMPS; 24 de febrero de 2020. Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es/informa/notasinformativas/medicamentosusohumano-3/seguridad-1/2020-seguridad-1/domperidona-supresion-de-la-indicacion-en-pediatria-y-recordatorio-de-las-contraindicaciones-en-adultos-y-adolescentes/
  • American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults By the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel.
  • Berenstein EG, Ortiz Z. Acetato de megestrol para el tratamiento del síndrome de anorexia-caquexia (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, número 3, 2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd.
  • Cardona D. Tratamiento farmacológico de la anorexia-caquexia cancerosa. Nutr Hosp 2006;21:17-26.
  • Desport JD, Gory-Delabaere G, Blanc-Vincent MP, Bachmann P, Bèal J, Benamouzig R, et al. Standarts, options and recommendations for the use appetite stimulants in oncology (2000). Br J Cancer 2003;89(Supl):S98-S100.
  • Ficha técnica de dexametasona: https://www.aemps.gob.es/cima/pdfs/es/ft/67455/FT_67455.pdf
  • Ficha técnica de acetato de megestrol: https://www.aemps.gob.es/cima/pdfs/es/ft/58773/FT_58773.pdf
  • Loprinci Cl, Kugler JW, Sloan JA, y cols. Randomized comparison of megestrol acetate versus dexamethasona versus fluoxymesterone for the treatment of canceranorexia/cachexia. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3299-306.
  • Ruiz Garcia V, López‐Briz E, Carbonell Sanchis R, Gonzalvez Perales JL, Bort‐Marti S. Megestrol acetate for treatment of anorexia‐cachexia syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004310. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004310.pub3.
  • Yavuzsen T, Davis MP, Walsh D, LeGrand S, Lagman R. Systematic reviewof the treatment of cancer associated anorexia and weight loss. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8500-11.

Deshidratación

  • Duggan C, Fontaine O, Pierce NF, Glass RI, Mahalanabis D, Alam NH, et al. Scientific rationale for a change in the composition of oral rehydration solution. JAMA 2004;291(21):2628-31.
  • Gregorio GV, Gonzales MLM, Dans LF, Martinez EG. Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006519. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006519.pub3.
  • Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, Russell K, Klassen TP, Craig W. Rehidratación oral versus intravenosa para el tratamiento de la deshidratación debida a la gastroenteritis en niños (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007, número 4. Oxford, Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com.
  • Murphy C, Hahn S, Volmink J. Solución de rehidratación oral de osmolaridad reducida para el tratamiento del cólera (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007, número 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com.
  • Oral rehydration salts. Production of the new ORS. WHO-UNICEF, 2006.

Desnutrición

  • Baldwin C, Weekes CE. Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD002008. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002008.pub4. Disponible en: https://www.cochrane.org/es/CD002008/asesoramiento-dietetico-para-la-desnutricion-secundaria-una-enfermedad-en-adultos
  • Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clin Nutr. 2018 Sep 3. pii: S0261-5614(18)31344-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.002.
  • Cereda E, Pedrolli C, Klersy C, et al. Nutritional status in older persons according to healthcare setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence data using MNA®. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1282.
  • Jensen GL, Cederholm T, Correia MITD, et al. GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:32.
  • Milne AC, Potter J, Vivanti A, Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003288. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003288.pub3. Disponible en: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003288.pub3/full
  • SEEN Guías y documentos de consenso de nutrición. Disponible en: http://www.seen.es/herramientasClinicas/guias/nutri/guiaNutri.aspxk
  • Veronese N, Stubbs B, Punzi L, et al. Effect of nutritional supplementations on physical performance and muscle strength parameters in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:48.
  • Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Goisser S, Hooper L et al. Guía ESPEN sobre nutrición clínica e hidratación en geriatría. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561418302103#!

Diabetes mellitus. Enfermedad renal crónica

  • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Farmacéuticos. Ficha técnica Forxiga. [Internet]. AEMPS. 28 de agosto de 2017. Disponible en: https://cima.aemps.es/cima/dochtml/ft/112795007/FT_112795007.html
  • American Diabetes Association. Executive summary: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36 Suppl 1:S4-10.
  • American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults By the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel.
  • American Diabetes Association. Nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27(Suppl 1):79-83.
  • Barnett AH, Bain SC, Bouter P, Karlberg B, Madsbad S, Jervell J, et al, for the Diabetics exposed to telmisartan and enalapril study. Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropaty. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1952-61.
  • Batt D, Szarek M, Pitt B, Cannon C, Leiter L, McGuire D, et al. Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:129-139. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2030186
  • Giugliano D, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Longo M, Chiodini P, Esposito K. GLP-1 receptor agonists for prevention of cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an updated metaanalysis including the REWIND and PIONEER 6 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. [Internet] 2019;21:2576-80. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31373167/
  • Gómez-Huelgas R, Martínez-Castelao A, Artola S, Górriz JL, Menéndez E, et al. Documento de Consenso sobre el tratamiento de la DM2 en ERC. Nefrologia. 2014;34(1):34-45.
  • Heerspink HJ, Holtkamp FA, Parving HH, Navis GJ, Lewis JB, Ritz E, et al. Moderation of dietary sodium potentiates the renal and cardiovascular protective effects of angiotensin receptor blockers. Kidney Int 2012; doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.74.
  • Inker LA, Grams ME, Levey AS, et al.; CKD Prognosis Consortium. Relationship of estimated GFR and albuminuria to concurrent laboratory abnormalities: an individual participant data meta-analysis in a global consortium. Am J Kidney Dis. 19 October 2018 [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.08.013.
  • Jardine MJ, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, et al.; CREDENCE study investigators. The Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) study rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. Am J Nephrol 2017;46:462–472.
  • KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. 2020; 98 (45). Disponible en: https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KDIGO-2020-Diabetes-in-CKD-GL.pdf
  • Lacourciere Y, Belanger A, Godin C, Halle JP, Ross S, Wright N, et al. Long-term comparison of losartan and enalapril on kidney function in hypertensive type 2 diabetics with early nephropathy. Kidney Int 2000;58:762-9.
  • Lv J, Perkovic V, Foote CV, Craig ME, Craig JC, Strippoli GFM. Antihypertensive agents for preventing diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD004136. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004136.pub3.
  • Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Perkovic V, et al.; CANVAS Program Collaborative Group Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: results from the CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study). Circulation 2018;137:323–334.
  • Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31:1281-357.
  • Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.; LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators. Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:839–848.
  • Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al.; SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1834–1844.
  • Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.; LEADER Steering Committee; LEADER Trial Investigators. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:311–322.
  • Mata M, Artola S, Díez J, Ezkurra P, Franch J, García FJ. Actualización de 2020 del algoritmo de tratamiento de la hiperglucemia en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la redGDPS. Diabetes Práctica. [Internet]. 2020; 11(92): 41-76. Disponible en: https://www.redgdps.org/gestor/upload/2020/1591695258.03_matas_dp-11-2.pdf
  • Mera F, Mundet X. ¿Cuál es el tratamiento de personas con DM 2 y microalbuminuria? Preguntas Clínicas redGDPS. 2021
  • Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al.; CANVAS Program Collaborative Group. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:644–657
  • Neuen BL, Ohkuma T, Neal B, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with canagliflozin according to baseline kidney function: data from the CANVAS. Program. Circulation 2018;138: 1537–1550.
  • ONTARGET Investigators, Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson C. Telmisartan, ramipril or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N engl J Med. 2008;358(15):1547-59.
  • Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P. Irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria study group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:870-8.
  • Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2019 April 14. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811744.
  • Robertson LM, Waugh N, Robertson A. Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD002181. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002181.pub2.
  • Rodríguez-Poncelas A, Garre-Olmo J, Franch-Nadal J, Diez-Espino J, Mundet-Tuduri X, Barrot-de la Puente J, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain: PERCEDIME2 study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:46.
  • Ronco P (ed.). KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International. [Internet]. 2020:98(45):S1-S115. Disponible en: https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KDIGO-2020-Diabetes-in-CKD-GL.pdf
  • Rossing P, Baeres FMM, Bakris G, Bosch-Traberg H, Gislum M, Gough SCL, et al. The rationale, design and baseline data of FLOW, a kidney outcomes trial with once-weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023 Aug 31;38(9):2041-2051. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad009. 
  • Ruospo M, Saglimbene VM, Palmer SC, De Cosmo S, Pacilli A, Lamacchia O, Cignarelli M, Fioretto P, Vecchio M, Craig JC, Strippoli GFM. Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD010137. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010137.pub2.
  • Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2019 Jan; 42(Supplement 1): S124-S138.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S011
  • Tuttle KR, Lakshmanan MC, Rayner B, et al. Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018;6:605–617.
  • Type 2 diabetes in adults: management- NICE guideline . [NG28]Published date: December 2015 Last updated: August 2019. Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28
  • Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, et al.; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:323–334.
  • Wanner C, Lachin JM, Inzucchi SE, et al.; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, established cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Circulation 2018;137:119–12.
  • Wong MG, Perkovic V, Chalmers J, et al.; ADVANCE-ON Collaborative Group. Long-term benefits of intensive glucose control for preventing end-stage kidney disease: ADVANCE-ON. Diabetes Care 2016;39:694–700.
  • Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Furtado RHM, et al. Comparison of the effects of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2019;139: 2022-31. Disponible en: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038868?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
  • Zoungas S, Arima H, Gerstein HC, et al.; Collaborators on Trials of Lowering Glucose (CONTROL) group. Effects of intensive glucose control on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017;5:431–437.

Diabetes mellitus. Hipoglucemia

  • Bloomfield HE, Greer N, Newman D, MacDonald R, Carlyle M, Fitzgerald P, et al. Predictors and consequences of severehypoglycemia in adults with diabetes -A systematic review ofthe evidence. VA-ESP Project #09-009. 2012.31.
  • Brod M, Christensen T, Thomsen TL, Bushnell DM. The impact of non-severe hypoglycemic events on work productivity and diabetes management. Value Health. 2011;14:665-71.
    Canadian Diabetes Association. Clinical practice guidelines forthe prevention and management of Diabetes in Canada. CMAJ. 2008;32 Suppl 1.
  • Ficha técnica Baqsimi 3 mg en polvo por vía nasal que contiene 3 mg de glucagón. Disponible en: https://cima.aemps.es/cima/dochtml/ft/1191406001/FT_1191406001.html
  • Ficha técnica de glucagón. Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es/cima/dochtml/ft/59327/FichaTecnica_59327.html
  • Frier BM, Schernthaner G, Heller SR. Hypoglycemia and cardiovascular risks. Diabetes Care., 34 (Suppl.) (2011), pp. S132-S137.
  • Hanefeld M, Duetting E, Bramlage P. Cardiac implications of hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes–a systematic review. Cardiovascular Diabetology., 12 (2013), p. 135
  • Hsu PF, Sung SH, Cheng HM, Yeh JS, Liu WL, Chan WL, et al. Association of clinical symptomatic hypoglycemia with car-diovascular events and total mortality in type 2 diabetesmellitus: A nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care.2013;36:894-900.
  • McCoy RG, van Houten HK, Ziegenfuss JY, Shah ND, Wer-mers RA, Smith SA. Increased mortality of patients withdiabetes reporting severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1897-901.
  • Mezquita-Raya P, Reyes-García R, Moreno-Pérez O, Muñoz-Torres M, Merino-Torres JF, Gorgojo-Martínez JJ, et al. Documento de posicionamiento: evaluación y manejo de la hipoglucemia en el paciente con diabetes mellitus. Grupo de Trabajo de Diabetes Mellitus de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición Endocrinol Nutr. (2013);60(9):517.e1-517.e18
  • Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Woodward M, et al., ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucosecontrol and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.N Engl J Med. 2008 12;358:2560-72.
  • Rickels MR, Ruedy KJ, Foster NC y col. Glucagón intranasal para el tratamiento de la hipoglucemia inducida por insulina en adultos con diabetes tipo 1: un estudio aletorizado cruzado de no inferioridad. Diabetes Care. 2016;39:264.
  • Ros Pérez P, Manso Pérez A. Urgencias endocrinológicas en Pediatría. Protoc diagn ter pediatr. 2019;1:307-28.
  • Seaquist ER, Miller ME, Bonds DE, Feinglos M, Goff Jr DC, Peterson K, et al., ACCORD Investigators. The impact of frequent and unrecognized hypoglycemia on mortality in the ACCORD study. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:409-14.
  • Standards of medical care in diabetes. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jan;42(Suppl.1):1-193.
  • Thomas D, Elliott EJ. Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemicload, diets for diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2009;1:CD006296.f
  • Wheeler ML, Dunbar SA, Jaacks LM. Macronutrients, foodgroups, and eating patterns in the management of diabetes: A systematic review of the literature, 2010. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:434-45.

Diabetes mellitus. Neuropatía diabética

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  • Bril V, England J, Franklin GM, et al.; American Academy of Neurology; American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine; American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation [published correction appears in Neurology 2011;77:603]. Neurology 2011;76:1758–1765.
  • Boyle J Eriksson ME Gribble L Gouni R Johnsen S Coppini DV Kerr D. Randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of amitriptyline, duloxetine, and pregabalin in patients with chronic diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Diabetes Care.2012 Dec.
  • Callaghan BC, Little AA, Feldman EL, Hughes RAC. Enhanced glucose control for preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD007543. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007543.pub2.
  • Derry S, Rice ASC, Cole P, Tan T, Moore RA. Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007393. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007393.pub4.
  • Diabetes Care. Position Statements11. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. American Diabetes Association; 2019. Disponible en: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/42/Supplement_1/S124
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  • Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, McNicol E, Baron R, Dworkin RH, Gilron I, Haanpää M, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Kamerman PR, Lund K, Moore A, Raja SN, Rice AS, Rowbotham M, Sena E, Siddall P, Smith BH, Wallace M. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Feb;14(2):162-73.
  • Freeman R, Durso-Decruz E, Emir B. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of pregabalin treatment for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: findings from seven randomized, controlled trials across a range of doses. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:1448.
  • Freynhagen R, Strojek K, Griesing T, Whalen E, Balkenohl M. Efficacy of pregabalin in neuropathic pain evaluated in a 12-week, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial of flexible- and fixed-dose regimens. Pain 2005 Jun;115(3):254-63.
  • Gilron I, Bailey JM, Tu D, et al. Nortriptyline and gabapentin, alone and in combination for neuropathic pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled crossover trial. Lancet 2009; 374:1252.
  • Goldstein DJ, Lu Y, Detke MJ, et al. Duloxetine vs. placebo in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 2005; 116:109.
  • Griebeler ML, Morey-Vargas OL, Brito JP, et al . Pharmacologic interventions for painful diabetic neuropathy: an umbrella systematic review and comparative effectiveness network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2014;161:639–649.
  • Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, et al. Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1998; 50:1842.
  • Infac (2014). Gabapentina y pregabalina: entre el uso y el abuso. Disponible en: https://www.osakidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/cevime_infac_2014/es_def/adjuntos/INFAC_Vol_22_4_Gabapentina_Pregabalina_es.pdf
  • Kaur H, Hota D, Bhansali A, et al. A comparative evaluation of amitriptyline and duloxetine in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:818.
  • Lunn MP, Hughes RA, Wiffen PJ. Duloxetine for treating painful neuropathy, chronic pain or fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; :CD007115.Moore RA, Derry S, Aldington D, Cole P, Wiffen PJ. Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD008242. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008242.pub3.Moore RA, Derry S, Aldington D, Cole P, Wiffen PJ. Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD008242. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008242.pub3.
  • Moore RA, Derry S, Aldington D, Cole P, Wiffen PJ. Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD008242. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008242.pub3.
  • Moore RA, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, et al. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; :CD007938.
  • Moore RA, Straube S, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, McQuay HJ . Pregabalin for acute and chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;3:CD007076.
  • Morello CM, Leckband SG, Stoner CP, Moorhouse DF, Sahagian GA. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of gabapentin with amitriptyline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain. Arch Intern Med 1999 Sep 13;159(16):1931-7.
  • Murciasalud (2017). ¿Existe evidencia para el uso de preabalina en el dolor neurático? Disponible en: http://www.murciasalud.es/preevid.php?op=mostrar_pregunta&id=21813&idsec=453
  • National Clinical Guideline Centre (2013). Neuropathic pain-pharmacological management: the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in adults in non-specialist settings. London: National Clinical Guideline Centre. Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg173
  • NICE. Neuropathic pain in adults: pharmacological management in non-specialist settings. Clinical guideline. Última actualización; julio 2019. Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg173
  • Raskin P, Huffman C, Toth C, et al. Pregabalin in patients with inadequately treated painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomized withdrawal trial. Clin J Pain 2014;30:379–390.
  • Raskin J, Pritchett YL, Wang F, et al. A double-blind, randomized multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain Med 2005; 6:346.
  • Saarto T, Wiffen PJ. Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD005454. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005454.pub2.
  • Sindrup SH, Andersen G, Madsen C, et al. Tramadol relieves pain and allodynia in polyneuropathy: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Pain 1999; 83:85.
  • Tesfaye S, Wilhelm S, Lledo A, et al. Duloxetine and pregabalin: high-dose monotherapy or their combination? The “COMBO-DN study”– a multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain 2013;154:2616–2625.
  • Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, et al. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;6:CD007938
  • Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Moore RA, Aldington D, Cole P, Rice ASC, Lunn MPT, Hamunen K, Haanpaa M, Kalso EA. Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia ‐ an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD010567. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010567.pub2.
  • Wernicke JF, Pritchett YL, D'Souza DN, et al. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology 2006; 67:1411.
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  • Ziegler D, Fonseca V. From guideline to patient: a review of recent recommendations for pharmacotherapy of painful diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2015;29:146–156.

Diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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  • AEMPS. Canagliflozina: posible incremento del riesgo de amputación no traumática en miembros inferiores [Internet]. 2016 [citado 6 de mayo de 2016]. Disponible en: http://www.aemps.gob.es/gl/informa/notasInformativas/medicamentosUsoHumano/seguridad/2016/docs/NI-MUH_FV_10-canaglifozina.pdf
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  • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2023;46 Suppl 1. Disponible en: https://diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/46/Supplement_1
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  • Canadian Diabetes Association. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada. J Diabetes. 2013:37(Supl 1).
  • Catsalut. Servei Català de la Salut. Canagliflozina / Metformina (DM2). Disponible en: http://catsalut.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/articles/canagliflozina-metformina
  • Catsalut. Servei Català de la Salut. Pautes per a l'harmonització del tractament farmacològic de la diabetes mellitus tipus 2. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Salut; 2019. Disponible en: https://catsalut.gencat.cat/web/.content/minisite/catsalut/proveidors_professionals/medicaments_farmacia/harmonitzacio/pautes/diabetis-mellitus-tipus2/pauta-harmonitzacio-diabetis-mellitus-tipus2.pdf
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  • European Medicines Agency's scientific guidelines on biosimilar medicines. Disponible en: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/regulation/general/general_content_000408.jsp
  • FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns that DPP-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes may cause severe joint pain. Disponible en: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm459579.htm
  • FDA Drug Safety Communication. La FDA agrega advertencias acerca del riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca a las etiquetas de los medicamentos para diabetes tipo 2 que contengan saxagliptina y alogliptina. Disponible en: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm496486.htm
  • FDA. Drug Safety Communications 8-29-2018. FDA warns about rare occurrences of a serious infection of the genital area with SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes. Disponible en: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/UCM618466.pdf
  • Ficha técnica Abasaglar. Disponible en: http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2015/20151209133677/anx_133677_es.pdf
  • Ficha técnica Tresiba. Disponible en: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/es_ES/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002498/WC500138940.pdf
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  • Gómez-Huelgas R. El uso de metformina en el contexto de insuficiencia renal leve o moderada. Rev Clin Esp. 2012;212:105.
  • Gough SC, Bhargava A, Jain R, Mersebach H, Rasmussen S, Bergenstal RM. Low-volume insulin degludec 200 units/ml once daily improves glycemic control similar to insulin glargine with a low risk of hypoglycemia in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26-week, randomized, controlled, multinational, treat-to-target trial: The BEGIN LOW VOLUME trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:2536-42.
  • Halpern SD, Harhay MO, Saulsgiver K, Brophy C, Troxel AB, Volpp KG. A pragmatic trial of e-cigarettes, incentives, and drugs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 2018;378:2302–2310.
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  • INFAC. Actualización del tratamiento farmacológico de la hiperglucemia en la diabetes tipo 2. Osakidetza. Vol. 29 nº 5/2021
  • Informe de posicionamiento terapéutico de semaglutida oral (Rybelsus®) en diabetes mellitus tipo 2. IPT 65/2021. Fecha publicación: 10 de enero de 2022. AEMPS. Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es
  • Invokana and Invokamet (canagliflozin): Drug Safety Communication - New Information on Bone Fracture Risk and Decreased Bone Mineral Density. FDA Drug Safety Communicatons Sept 2015.
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  • Malanda UL, Welschen LM, Riphagen II, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012
  • Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension:the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159-219.
  • Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al.; SUSTAIN6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1834–1844
  • Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.; LEADER Steering Committee; LEADER Trial Investigators. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375: 311–322.
  • Maruthur NM, Tseng E, Hutfless S, et al. Diabetes medications as monotherapy or metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2016;164:740–751.
  • Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, Poulter NR, Emerson S, Pieber T, et al. Design of DEVOTE (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events) – DEVOTE 1. Am Heart J. 2016;179:175-83.
  • Meneghini L, Atkin SL, Gough SC, Raz I, Blonde L, Shestakova M, et al. The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec given in variable once-daily dosing intervals compared with insulin glargine and insulin degludec dosed at the same time daily: a 26- week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36(4):858-64.
  • Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Riesgo de cetoacidosis diabética asociada al uso de canagliflozina, dapagliflozina y empagliflozina. Disponible en: http://www.aemps.gob.es/informa/notasInformativas/medicamentosUsoHumano/seguridad/2015/NI-MUH_FV_07-cetoacidosis-diabetica.htm
  • Monami M, Genovese S, Mannucci E. Cardiovascular safety of sulfonylureas: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2013;15:938-53.
  • NICE Clinical Guideline 28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2022. Published: 19 October 2022. Disponible en: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG28
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  • Powers MA, Bardsley J, Cypress M, Duker P, Funnell MM, Fischl AH, et al. Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes educ. 2015; 41 : 417–30.
  • Qaseem A, Barry MJ, Humphrey LL, Forciea MA; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Feb 21;166(4):279-290. doi: 10.7326/M16-1860. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
  • Ramos R, Comas-Cufí M,Martí-Lluch R, Balló E, Ponjoan A, Alves-Cabratosa L, Blanch J, Marruga J, Elosua R, Grau M, Elosua-Bayes M,García-Ortiz L, Garcia-Gil M. Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality in old and very old adults with and without type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2018;362:k3359.
  • Roglic G, Norris SL. Medicines for Treatment Intensification in Type 2 Diabetes and Type of Insulin in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Low-Resource Settings: Synopsis of the World Health Organization Guidelines on Second- and Third-Line Medicines and Type of Insulin for the Control of Blood Glucose Levels in Nonpregnant Adults With Diabetes Mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Sep 18;169(6):394-397. doi: 10.7326/M18-1149. Epub 2018 Sep 4.
  • Rosentock J et al. Effect of linagliptin vs placebo on major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and ight cardiovascular and renal risk. The CARMELINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(1):69-79.
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  • Simpson SH, Lee J, Choi S, Vandermeer B, Abdelmoneim AS, Featherstone TR. Mortality risk among sulfonylureas: a systematuc review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Jan;3(1):43-51.
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  • Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious adverse events: nationwide register based cohort study. BMJ 2018;363:k4365: https:// doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4365 (Published 14 November 2018).
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  • Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults. US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2016;316(19):1997-2007.
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  • UKPDS 33. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 1998;352:837-53.
  • UKPDS. UK prospective study of therapies of maturity onset diabetes: I. Effect of diet, sulphonylurea, insulin or biguanide therapy on fasting glucose and bodyweight over one year. Diabetologia. 1983;24:404-11.
  • Van Dalem J, Brouwers MC, Stehouwer CD, Krings A, Leufkens HG, Driessen JH, et al. Riesgo de hipoglucemia en usuarios de sulfonilureas en comparación con metformina en relación con la función renal y el grupo de metabolitos de sulfonilureas: estudio de cohorte basado en la población. BMJ. 2016; 354 i3625.
  • Vos RC, van Avendonk MJP, Jansen H, Goudswaard AN, van den Donk M, Gorter K, Kerssen A, Rutten GEHM. Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2 diabetes already on insulin therapy and inadequate glycaemic control. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD006992. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006992.pub2.
  • Wiviott SD et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2295-2306 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811744
  • Zinman B, Philis-Tsimikas A, Cariou B, Handelsman Y, Rodbard HW, Johansen T, et al. Insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year, randomized, treat-to-target trial (BEGIN Once Long). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(12):2464-71.
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Galactorrea. Hiperprolactinemia

  • Al-Husaynei AJ, Mahmood IH, Al-Jubori ZS. Comparison of the effects of cabergoline and bromocriptine in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 2008;3(1):33-38.
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  • Bromocriptina en inhibición de la lactancia: condiciones de uso. Recomendaciones del Comité para la Evaluación de Riesgos en Farmacovigilancia eropeo-PRAC. Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. [Fecha de publicación 11 de julio de 2014].
  • De Rosa M, Colao A, Di Sarno A, Ferone D, Landi ML, Zarrilli S, et al. Cabergoline treatment rapidly improves gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males: a comparison with bromocriptine. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Mar;138(3):286-93.
  • Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Cappabianca P, Di Salle F, Rossi FW, Pivonello R, et al. Resistance to cabergoline as compared with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia: prevalence, clinical definition, and therapeutic strategy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5256-61.
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  • Ficha técnica de la cabergolina. Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es/cima/pdfs/es/ft/60867/FT_60867.pdf
  • Ficha técnica de la lisurida. Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es/cima/pdfs/es/ft/76079/76079_ft.pdf
  • Guía clínica de galactorrea de Fisterra. Disponible en: https://www-fisterra-com.bvcscm.a17.csinet.es/guias-clinicas/galactorrea/
  • Mahmood IH, Al-Husaynei AJ, Mohamad SH. Comparative effects of bromocriptine and cabergoline on serum prolactin levels, liver and kidney function tests in hyperprolactinemic women. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Online.2010;26(2):255-260.
  • Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, Kleinberg DL, Montori VM, Schlechte JA, et al. Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):273-88.
  • Molitch ME. Endocrinology in pregnancy: management of the pregnant patient with a prolactinoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;172(5):R205-13.
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  • Motazedian S, Babakhani L, Fereshtehnejad SM, Mojthahedi K. A comparison of bromocriptine & cabergoline on fertility outcome of hyperprolactinemic infertile women undergoing intrauterine insemination. Indian J Med Res. 2010 May;131:670-4.
  • Nicolás Triantafilo, Victoria Castro-Gutiérrez, Gabriel Rada. ¿Cabergolina o bromocriptina para el prolactinoma? Medwave 2016;16(Suppl3):e6545 doi: 10.5867/medwave.2016.6545
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  • Pinzone JJ, Katznelson L, Danila DC, Pauler DK, Miller CS, Klibanski A. Primary medical therapy of micro- and macroprolactinomas in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;85(9):3053-7.
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  • Sarno AD, Landi ML, Cappabianca P, Di Salle F, et al. Resistance to cabergoline as compared with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia prevalence, clinical definitionand therapeutic strategy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;86:5256-5261.
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Hipercolesterolemia

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  • Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. American Diabetes Association.Diabetes Care 2019 Jan; 42(Supplement 1): S103-S123. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S010.
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Hipertrigliceridemia

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Obesidad

Tiroides. Bocio simple

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Tiroides. Hipertiroidismo

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Tiroides. Hipotiroidismo primario

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Tiroides. Tiroiditis de Hashimoto

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Tiroides. Tiroiditis subaguda de De Quervain

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