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Problemas digestivos

Absceso perianal

Bleday R. Weiser M. Friedman L. Chen W. Perianal and perirectal abscess. UpToDate Online 25, 2021 [base de datos en Internet]. Waltham: Update Software Ltd; 1992 [consultado el 1 de octubre de 2021]. [aproximadamente 2 pantallas]. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com/home/about/about
Breen E, Bleday R. Anal abscesses and fistulas. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 14.3, 2001. Practice parameters for treatment of fistula in ano. American Society of Colon and Rectal Súrgenos. Disponible en: www.fascrs.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=153
Breen E. Bleday R. Anal abscesses and fistulas. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Breen E, Bleday R. Perianal and perirectal abscess. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Mocanu V, Dang JT, Ladak F, Tian C, Wang H, Birch DW, Karmali S . Antibiotic use in prevention of anal fistulas following incision and drainage of anorectal abscesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Surg. 2019;217(5):910.
Practice parameters for the treatment of Perianal abscess and fistula in ano. The Standards Practice Task Force. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Dec;54(12):1465-74.
Rakinich J. Whiteford M. Abcess anal. BMJ Best Practice. Mar 2017.
Sözener U, Gedik E, Kessaf Aslar A, Ergun H, Halil Elhan A, Memikoğlu O, Bulent Erkek A, Ayhan Kuzu M. Does adjuvant antibiotic treatment after drainage of anorectal abscess prevent development of anal fistulas? A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Aug;54(8):923-9.
Steele SR, Kumar R, Feingold DL, Rafferty JL, Buie WD, Standards Practice Task Force of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Practice parameters for the management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum 2011 Dec;54(12):1465-74.
Vogel JD, Johnson EK, Morris AM, Paquette IM, Saclarides TJ, Feingold DL, Steele SR . Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anorectal Abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59(12):1117.

Ascaridiasis

Ledeer K. Weller F. Ascariasis. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.

Ascitis

Duch J, Runyon BA.Evaluation of adults with ascites.. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Duch H, Runyon BA. Treatment of diuretic-resistent ascites in patients with cirrhosis. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu, European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:406.
Moore KP, Aithal G. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut 2006;55;1-12.
Runyon BA, AASLD Practice Guidelines Committee. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update. Hepatology 2009; 49:2087. Source: Runyon B. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: Update of 2012. AASLD Practice Guideline (Febrero, 2013). Disponible en: http://www.aasld.org/practiceguidelines/Pages/default.aspx.

Colelitiasis

Afdhal N. Approach to the patient with incidental gallstones. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J Hepatol 2016; 65:146.
May GR, Sutherland LR, Shaffer EA. Efficay of ible acid therapy for gallstone dissolution: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Aliment Pharmacol 1993;7(4):139-48.
Nunes D. Nonsurgical treatment of gallstone disease. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Zakko S. Nonsurgical treatment of gallstone disease.ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Zakko S. Overview of gallstone disease in adults Overview of gallstone disease in adults Overview of gallstone disease in adultsOverview the gallstones disease in adults. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com

Cólico biliar simple

Akriviadis EA, Hatzigavriel M, Kapnias D, Kirimlidis J, Markantas A, Garyfallos A. Treatment of biliary colic with diclofenac: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 1997;113(1):225-31.
Fishman B. Aproach to the patient with abdominal pain. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Indar AA, Beckingham IJ. Acute cholecystitis. BMJ. 2002 Sep 21;325(7365):639.
Penner M. Evaluation of the adult with abdominal pain. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Salam F Zakko, Nezam H Afdal. Treatment of acute colecistitis. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Zakko S. Overview of gallstone disease in adults Overview of gallstone disease in adults Overview of gallstone disease in adultsOverview the gallstones disease in adults. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com

Colon irritable. Síndrome del intestino irritable

AGA guideline: irritable bowel síndrome. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Chapman RW, Stanghellini V, Geraint M, Halphen M. Randomized clinical trial: macrogol/PEG 3350 plus electrolytes for treatment of patients with constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:1508.
Desautels S, Wald A. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. En: UpToDate 51.0 Burton D rose 2020.
Drossman DA, Whitehead WE, Camilleri M. Irritable bowel syndrome: a technical review for practice guideline development. Gastroenterology 1997;112:2120.
Eswaran SL, Chey WD, Han-Markey T, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Low FODMAP Diet vs. Modified NICE Guidelines in US Adults with IBS-D. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:1824.
Ford AC, Moayyedi P, Lacy BE, et al. American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109 Suppl 1:S2.
Grupo de trabajo de la Guía de práctica clínica sobre el síndrome del intestino irritable. Manejo de paciente con síndrome del intestino irritable. Barcelona: Asociacion Española de Gastroenterologia, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2005.
Jackson JL, O'Malley PG, Tomkins G, Balden E, Santoro J, Kroenke K. Treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders with antidepressant medications: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2000;108:65-72.
Kennedy T, Rubin G, Jones R. Effects of treatments. Disponible en: http://www.clinicalevidence.com/conditions/dsd/0410/0410.jsp
Johnsen PH, Hilpüsch F, Cavanagh JP, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation versus placebo for moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:17.
Kim HJ, Camilleri M, McKinzie S, Lempke MB, Burton DD, Thomforde GM, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a probiotic, VSL#3, on gut transit and symptoms in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17(7):895-904.
Lim B, Manheimer E, Lao L, Ziea E, Wisniewski J, Liu J, et al. Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD005111.
Liu J, Yang M, Liu Y, Wei M, Grimsgaard S. Herbal medicines for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Jan 25;(1):CD004116.
Longstreth G, Grant W, Chey W, Houghton L, Mearin F, Spiller R. Functional bowel disease. Gastroenterelogy. 2006; 130: 1480-91.
Manheimer E, Cheng K, Wieland LS, et al. Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; :CD005111.
Mearin F. Síndrome del intestino irritable: nuevos criterios Roma III. Med Clín Barcelona; 2007; 128 (9): 335-43.
Mearin F, Lacy BE, Chang L, et al. Bowel Disorders. Gastroenterology 2016.
O'Mahony L, McCarthy J, Kelly P, Hurley G, Luo F, Chen K, et al. Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology 2005;128(3):541-51.
Peckham E. Cooper K. Roberts E. Agrawal A. Tew G. Brabyn S. et al. Homeopathy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2019 Sep; 2019(9): CD009710.
Published online 2019 Sep 4.
Raine R, Haines A, Sensky T, Hutchings A, Larkin K, Black N. Systematic review of mental health interventions for patients with common somatic symptoms: can research evidence from secondary care be extrapolated to primary care? BMJ 2002;325(7372):1082.
Rao SS, Yu S, Fedewa A. Systematic review: dietary fibre and FODMAP-restricted diet in the management of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41:1256.
Reid G, Hammond JA. Probiotics. Some evidence of their effectiveness. Can Fam Physician 2005;51:1.487-93.
Saggioro A. Probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38(6 Suppl):S104-S106.
Ruepert L, Quartero AO, de Wit NJ, et al. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; :CD003460.
Spanier JA, Howden CW, Jones MP. A systematic review of alternative therapies in the irritable bowel syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2003 Feb 10;163(3):265-74.
Wald A. Treatment of irritable bowell syndrome. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Wang P, Tang X, Wu TX, Liu G. Probiotics agents for the treatment of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (Protocol). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(2).
Webb AN, Kukuruzovic RH, Catto-Smith AG, Sawyer SM. Hypnoterapy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD005110.
Whorwell PJ, Altringer L, Morel J, Bond Y, Charbonneau D, O'Mahony L, et al. Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101(7):1581-90.

Diarrea aguda

Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, Dans LF. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD003048.
Bergstrom T, Alestig K, Thoren K, Trolfors B. Symptomatic treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea: loperamide versus placebo. J Infect 1986;12(1):35-8.
Ejemot R, Ehiri J, Meremkwu M, Critchley J. Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Jan 23;(1).
Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Sluster L, Tauxe RV, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of intectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(3):331-51.
Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, Wang Z, Miles JN, Shanman R, Johnsen B, Shekelle PG. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2012; 307: 1959-1969.
Hickosn M, D¨Souza A, Muthu N, Rogers T, Want S, Rajkumar C, et al. Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhea associated with antibiotics: randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2007;335;80.
Johnston BC, Supina AL, Ospina M, Vohra S. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Apr 18;(2).
Johnston BC, Wiebe N, Crumley E, Supina A, Vohra S. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. [Protocol] Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Functional Bowel Disorders Group Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1).
LaRocque R. Harris J. Bloom Approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in resource-rich settings. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Lazzerini M. Ronfani L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cocrane Database if Systematic Reviews. 2012;6:CD005436.
Olmos M, Berenstein EG, Ortiz Z. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in adults. [Protocol] Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Functional Bowel Disorders Group Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1).
Parker EA, Roy T, D'Adamo CR, Wieland LS. Probiotics and gastrointestinal conditions: An overview of evidence from the Cochrane Collaboration. Nutrition 2018; 45:125.
Prado D. Diarrea aguda. En: Ponce J, Carballo F, Gomollon F, Martín C, Minguez M, editores. Tratamiento de las enfermedades gastroenterológicas. 2 ed. Asociación española de Gastroenterología. Barcelona. SCM, 2006. p 186-96.
Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:602.
Sartor B. Probiotics for gastrointestinal diseases. . ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Sazawal S, Hiremath G, Dhingra U, Malik P, Deb S, Black RE. Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2006 Jun;6(6):374-82.
Schiller L, Sellin J. Diarrea En: Feldman M, Friedman L, Sleisenger M, editores. Sleisenger Fordtran´s Gastrointestinal and liver disease. 10 ed. Filadelfia: Elsevier Science; 2015.p. 142-73.
Wanke C. Approach to the patient with acute diarrhea. En: UpToDate 15.3 Burton D. rose 2008

Diarrea del viajero

Alajbegovic S. Sanders JW. Atherly DE, Riddle MS. Effectiveness of rifaximin and fluoroquinolones in preventing traveller`s diarrhea (TD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Review 2012 Aug 28;1(1):39. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE). Sept 2012.
De Bruyn G, Hahn S, Borwick A. Tratamiento antibiótico para la diarrea del viajero. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000. Disponible en: http://212.49.218.200/newgenClibPlus/ASP(/logina.asp?product=CLINPLUS&username=-USERNAME-&group=2660&server=UpdateUK&authcode=9902569916146994&countrt=ES&guest=-GUEST_
LaRocque R. Harris J. Bloom A. Travellers´ diarrhea: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Riddle MS, Connor BA, Beeching NJ, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea: a graded expert panel report. J Travel Med 2017; 24:S57.
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:e45.
Steffen R, Hill DR, DuPont HL. Traveler's diarrhea: a clinical review. JAMA 2015; 313:71.
Traveler's diarrhea in Thailand: randomized, double-blind trial comparing single-dose and 3-day azithromycin-based regimens with a 3-day levofloxacin regimen. Clin Infect Dis 2007 Feb 1;44(3):338-46.
Wanke C. Approach to the patient with acute diarrhea. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.

Disfagia motora

AGA technical review: Dysphagia caused by benign disorders of the distal esophagus. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Gastroenterology 1999; 116:452.
Anita E, Spiess MD, Kahrilas P. Treating Achalasia. JAMA 1998;280(7):638-42.
Aziz Q, Fass R, Gyawali CP, et al. Functional Esophageal Disorders. Gastroenterology 2016.
Bath P, Bath-Hextall F, Smithard D. Interventions for dysphagia in acute stroke. Cochrane Datebase Syst Rev 2005.
Fass R. Aproach to the evaluation of dysphagia in adults. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Triadafilopoulos G, Aaronson M, Sackel S, Burakoff R. Medical treatment of esophageal achalasia. Double-blind crossover study with oral nifedipine, verapamil, and placebo. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36(3):260-7.

Dispepsia

Barry S, Dinan TG. Functional dyspepsia: are psychosocial factors of relevance? World J Gastroenterol 2006;12(17):2701-7.
Grupo de trabajo de la Guía de práctica clínica sobre dispepsia. Manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Guia de práctica clinica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2002.
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre dispepsia. Manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Guía de práctica clínica. Programa de Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en Enfermedades Digestivas, desde la Atención Primaria a la Especializada. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2012.
Helicobacter pylori eradication versus prokinetics in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind study. J Gastroenterol 2006 Jul;41(7):647-53.
Hojo M, Miwa H, Yokoyama T, Ohkusa T, Nagahara A, Kawabe M, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with antianxiety or antidepressive agents: systematic review. J Gastroenterol 2005;40(11):1036-42.
Holtmann G, Talley NJ, Liebregts T, Adam B, Parow C. A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 2006;354(8):832-40.
Lepsch M, Strayer S. Omeprazol and placebo have same long-term effect on dyspepsia. J Fam Pract 2003;52(9):687-8.
Longstreth G., Talley N., Grover S. Approach to the patient with dyspepsia. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:988.
NICE guidance: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia in adults. October 2014. Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg184.
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Dyspepsia. A national clinical guideline. Edinburgh (Scotland): Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN); 2011 (SIGN publication; no. 68).
Wolfe M. Overview and comparison of the proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid-related disorders. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Wolfe M. Proton pump inhibitors: Overview of use and adverse effects in the treatment of acid-related disorders. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com

Divericulitis aguda no complicada

Andersen JC, Bundgaard L, Elbrønd H, Laurberg S, Walker LR, Støvring J; Danish Surgical Society. Danish national guidelines for treatment of diverticular disease. Dan Med J. 2012 May;59(5).
Andeweg CS, Mulder IM, Felt-Bersma RJ, Verbon A, van der Wilt GJ, van Goor H, Lange JF, Stoker J, Boermeester MA, Bleichrodt RP; Netherlands Society of Surgery; Working group from Netherlands Societies of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterologists, Radiology, Health echnology Assessment and Dieticians. Guidelines of diagnostics and treatment of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dig Surg. 2013;30(4-6):278-92.
Binda GA, Cuomo R, Laghi A, Nascimbeni R, Serventi A, Bellini D, Gervaz P, Annibale B; Italian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Practice parameters for the treatment of colonic diverticular disease: Italian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery (SICCR) guidelines. Tech Coloproctol. 2015 Oct;19(10):615-26.
Biondo S, Golda T, Kreisler E, et al. Outpatient versus hospitalization management for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial (DIVER Trial). Ann Surg 2014; 259:38.
DynaMed Plus [Internet]. Ipswich (MA): EBSCO Information Services. 1995 - . Record No. 113975, Diverticulitis; [updated 2017 Jun 14, consultado el 8 de octubre de 2018]; [about 19 screens]. Disponible en: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=113975. Registration and login required.
Feingold D, Steele SR, Lee S, Kaiser A, Boushey R, Buie WD, Rafferty JF. Practice parameters for the treatment of sigmoid diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014 Mar;57(3):284-94.
Pemberton JH. Acute colonic diverticulitis: Medical management. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Sartelli M et al. WSES Guidelines for the management of acute left sided colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting. World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Jul 29;11:37.
Stollman N, Smalley W, Hirano I; AGA Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on the Management of Acute Diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1944-9.
Thaha MA, Kathryn Lynes K. Diverticular disease. Best Practice de BMJ. Last updated: Dec 29, 2016.
Vennix S, Morton DG, Hahnloser D, Lange JF, Bemelman WA; Research Committee of the European Society of Coloproctocology. Systematic review of evidence and consensus on diverticulitis: an analysis of national and international guidelines. Colorectal Dis. 2014 Nov;16(11):866-78.

Diverticulosis colónica

Bianchi M, Festa V, Moretti A, Ciaco A, Mangone M, Tornatore V, Dezi A, Luchetti R, De Pascalis B, Papi C, Koch M. Meta-analysis: long-term therapy with rifaximin in the management of uncomplicated diverticular disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2011; 33(8): 902-910. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE). Jun 2012.
Latella G, Pimpo MT, Sottili S, Zippi M, Viscido A, Chiaramonte M, et al. Rifaximin improves symptoms of acquired uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Int J Colorectal Dis 2003 Jan;18(1):55-62.
Papi C, Ciaco A, Koch M, Capurso L. Efficacy of rifaximin in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. A multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Alimen Pharmacol Ther 1995;9(1):33-9.
Pemberton J. Friedman S. Grover S. Colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis.. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Pemberton J. Acute colonic diverticulitis: medical management. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Simpson J, Spiller R. Treatment for uncomplicated diverticular disease. Colonic diverticular disease. Londres. BMJ Clinical Evidence 2003;2:272-3.
Young-Fadok T, Pemberton J. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of colonic. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Young-Fadok T, Pemberton J. Treatment of acute diverticulitis. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.

Dolor anal (proctalgia fugaz)

Barto A, Robson K. Proctalgia fugax.. . ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Jeyarajah S. Proctalgia fugax. CMAJ 2013 Mar 19;185(5):417.
Proctalgia fugax, an evidence-based management pathway.Jeyarajah S, Chow A, Ziprin P, Tilney H, Purkayastha S Int J Colorectal Dis. 2010;25(9):1037.

Encefalopatía hepática

Agrawal A., Sharma BC, Sharma P., Sarin SK. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: an open-label, randomized controlled trial of lactulose, probiotics, and no therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(7):1043.
Andrés T, Córdoba J. Hepatic encephalopathy. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001;96(7):1968-76.
Blei At. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet 2005 Apr;365(9468):1383-7.
Dalal R, McGee RG, Riordan SM, Webster AC. Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2:CD008716.
Ferenci P. Hepatic encephalopathy in adults: treatment...ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.) Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Ferenci P, Wald A. Hepatic encephalopathy in adults En: UpToDate 51.0 Burton D rose 2020.
Gluud LL, Dam G, Les I, et al. Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5:CD001939.
Holte K., Krag A., Gluud LL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials on probiotics for hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatol Res. 2012;42(10):1008.
Kimer N, Krag A, Moller S, Bendtsen F, Gluud LL. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014 Jul;40(2):123-32. 2014 May 21.
Koretz R. Avenell A., Lipman T. Nutritional support for liver disease. Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group. 2012 May 16;5:CD008344.
McGee RG., Bakens A., Wiley K., Riordan SM, Webster AC. Probiotics for patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011.
NICE. Rifaximin for preventing episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy. 25 marzo de 2015. Disponible en: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta337/chapter/4-Consideration-of-the-evidence
Williams R. Review article: bacterial flora and pathogenesis in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007 Feb;25(Suppl 1):17-22. Review

Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Cohen RD, Woseth DM, Thisted RA, Hanauer SB. A meta-analysis and overview of the literature on treatment options for left-sided ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000 May;95(5):1263-76.
Coward S, Kuenzig ME, Hazlewood G, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Mesalamine, Sulfasalazine, Corticosteroids, and Budesonide for the Induction of Remission in Crohn's Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:461.
Farraye F. , Gil Y.,Lichtenstein G , Kane S.. ACG Clinical Guideline: Preventive Care inInflammatory Bowel Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol 112 | Feb 2017.
Farrel R, Peppercorn M. Overview of the medical management of mild to moderate Crohn disease in adults. Uptodate 2015. Version 13.0.
Gomollón F, Dignass A, Annese V, et al. 3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn's Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:3.
Hanauer SB, Sandborn W. Management of Crohn's disease in adults. Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(3):635.
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Hinojosa del Val J. Nos Mateu P. Manual práctico. Conductas de actuación en la enfermedad inflamatoria crónica intestinal. 6º edición. Madrid. Ediciones Ergon; 2014.
Kornbluth A, Colombel JF, Leighton JA, Loftus E.ICCE consensus for inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy 2005 Oct;37(10):1051-4.
Kornbluth A, Sachar DB. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults (update): American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Am J Gastroenterol 2004 Jul;99(7):1371-85.
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MacDermott RP. Manegement of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis in adults. ..ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
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Peppercorn M. Budesonide in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in adults . ..ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Redondo Sanchez J. Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Los principales problemas de salud. AMF 2016;12(8):436-444.
Sandborn WJ, Travis S, Moro L, Jones R, Gautille T, Bagin R, et al. Once-daily budesonide MMX®extended-release tablets induce remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: results from the CORE I study. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(5):1218.
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Stevens C. Sulfasalazine and 5-aminosaicylates in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Travis SP, Danese S, Kupcinskas L, Alexeeva O, D'Haens G, Gibson PR, et al. Once-daily budesonide MMX in active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: results from the randomised CORE II study. Gut. 2014 Mar;63(3):433-41. Epub 2013 Feb 22.

Epigastralgia. Ulcus gastroduodenal

Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Systematic review and meta-analysis: is 1-week proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy sufficient to heal peptic ulcer? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005 Apr 1;21(7):795-804. Review.
Grupo de trabajo de la Guía de práctica clínica sobre dispepsia. Manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Guía de práctica clínica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2002.
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre dispepsia. Manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Guía de práctica clínica. Programa de Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en Enfermedades Digestivas, desde la Atención Primaria a la Especializada. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2012.
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre reflujo gastroesofágico. Manejo del paciente con reflujo gastroesofágico. Guia de práctica clinica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2001.
Grupo de trabajo de la Guía de práctica clínica sobre reflujo gastroesofágico. Manejo del paciente con reflujo gastroesofágico. Guía de práctica clinica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2007.
Karhilas P. Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults. . ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Kashiwagi H. Ulcer and gastritis. Endoscopy 2007 Feb;39(2):101-5.
NICE guidance. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia in adults. October 2014. Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg184

Erradicación de Helicobacter pylori

Bourke B, Ceponis P, Chiba N, Czinn S, Ferraro R, Fischbach L, et al, Canadian Helicobacter Study Group. Canadian Helicobacter Study Group Consensus Conference: Update on the approach to Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents--an evidence-based evaluation. Can J Gastroenterol 2005 Jul;19(7):399-408. [Erratum in: Can J Gastroenterol 2005 Aug;19(8):478.]
Cheung KS, Chan EW, Wong AYS, Chen L, Wong ICK, Leung WK. Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study. Gut. 2018 Jan;67(1):28-35. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314605. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Crowe S. Treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori. UpToDate 2018. Consultado 10/2018. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment
Dore MP, Marras L, Maragkoudakis E, Nieddu S, Manca A, Graham DY, et al Salvage therapy after two or more prior Helicobacter pylori treatment failures: the super salvage regimen. Helicobacter. 2003;8(4):307.
Fallone CA, Chiba N, van zant3en sv et al. The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:51.
Ford AC, Delaney BC, Forman D, Moayyedi P. Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD003840.
Fuccio l, Minardi ME, Zagari RM et al Meta-analysis: duration of first line proton pump inhibitor based triple therapy for helicobacter pylori eradication of helicobacter pylori. Ann intern Med 2007; 147:553.
Gatta L, Vakil N, Vaira D, Scarpignato C. Global eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of sequential therapy. BMJ 2013 Aug 7;347:f4587. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f4587.
Gisbert J., Molina-Infante J , Amador J, Bermejo F, Bujanda L , Calvet X et al. IV Conferencia Española de Consenso sobre el tratamiento de la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 39:697-721 - DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2016.05.003.
Gisbert JP, Gonzalez L, Calvet X. Systematic review and meta-analysis: proton pump inhibitor vs. ranitidine bismuth citrate plus two antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2005 Jun;10(3):157-71. [Review]
Gisbert JP, Calvet X. Review article: The effectiveness of stan-dard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori has not changedover the last decade, but it is not good enough. Aliment Phar-macol Ther. 2011; 34:1255---68.23.
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre dispepsia. Manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Guía de práctica clínica. Programa de Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en Enfermedades Digestivas, desde la Atención Primaria a la Especializada. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2012.
Infac: Nuevas pautas erradicadoras de Helicobacter Pylori.Setiembre 2017. Disponible en: https://www.osakidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/cevime_infac_2017/es_def/adjuntos/INFAC_Vol%20_25%20_n_5_%20H%20pylori_es.pdf
Koletzko S, Jones NL, Goodman KJ, Gold B, Rowland M, Cadranel S, et al, Helicobacter pylori Working Groups of ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. Evidence-based guidelines from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN for Helicobacter pylori infection in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53:230-43.
Malfertheiner P; Megraud F.; O'Morain C.A.; Gisbert J.P.; Kuipers E.J.; Axon A.T. et al Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. GUT, Octubre 2016.
Martínez Gómez MJ, Perdomo Giraldi M. Protocolos diagnóstico-terapéuticos de gastroenterología, hepatología y nutrición pediátrica SEGHNP-AEP. 2010. Disponible en: http://www.aeped.es/sites/default/files/documentos/h_pylori.pdf
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Molina-Infante J, Gisbert JP. Update on the efficacy of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection and clarithromycin resistance rates in Spain (2007-2012). Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;36:375.
Navarro-Jarabo JM, Fernandez-Snchez F, Fernandez Moreno N, Hervas-Molina AJ, Casado-Caballero F, Puente-Gutierrez JJ.et al. Prevalence of Primary Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Southern Spain. Digestion 2015;92(2):78-82.
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Esofagitis por Candida

Kauffman C. Clinical manifestations of candida infections. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
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Kauffman CA. Treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. This topic last updated: set, 2020. In: UpToDate, Kieren A Marr (Ed), UpToDate,Waltham, MA, 2020.
Kearney D, McDonald G. Esophageal, disorders caused by infection, systemic illness, medications, radiation, and trauma. En: Feldman M, Friedman L, Sleisenger M, eds. Sleisenger Fordtran. Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 7 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2002. p. 202-10.
Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62:e1.
Luna B, Zaleznik D. Clinical use of triazoles. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.

Estreñimiento crónico funcional

AGA Technical review on constipation. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Algoritmo de tratamiento del estreñimiento inducido por opioides. CADIME set 2017. Disponible en:
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Bazian L. What are the effects of lifestyle advice in adults with idiopathic chronic constipation? Disponible en: http://www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/dsd/0413/0413.jsp.
Cinca R, Chera D, Gruss HJ, Halphen M. Randomised clinical trial: macrogol/PEG 3350+electrolytes versus prucalopride in the treatment of chronic constipation -- a comparison in a controlled environment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;37:876.
Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Functional Bowel Disorders Group. Cocrane Database if Systematic Reviews. 2012;10 .CD009118.pub2.
Comité de evaluación de nuevos medicamentos. Osakidetza. Cevime. 2017; n.º 248. Naloxegol. Disponible en:
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Gordon M. Naidoo K. Akobeng A. Homas A. Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation.
Jack A, DiPalma M, Mark v. Cleveland P, Mc Gowan J, Herrera M, et al. A randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of polyethylene glycol laxative for chronic treatment of chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1436-41.
Jewell D., Young G. Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy. Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Cocrane Database if Systematic Reviews. 2012;8:CD001142.
Lembo A, Camillero M, Chronic constipation. N Eng J Med. 2003;349:1360-8.
Pérez Villarroya JC, Barberà Pérez D. Nuevos fármacos y alertas de seguridad farmacológica. Naloxegol. AMF 2018;14(6):2245.
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Fístula anal

Bitton A, Belliveau P. Perianal complications of Crohn’s disease. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso cotubre, 2018). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Breen E, Bleday R. Anal abscesses and fistulas. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Crockett SD, Greer KB, Heidelbaugh JJ, Falck-Ytter Y, Hanson BJ, Sultan S, American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on the Medical Management of Opioid-Induced Constipation.Gastroenterology. 2019;156(1):218.
Ouyang R, Li Z, Huang S, Liu J, Huang J .Efficacy and Safety of Peripherally Acting Mu-Opioid Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.Pain Med. 2020;21(11):3224.
Practice parameters for treatment of fistula in ano. American Society of Colon and Rectal Súrgenos. (Acceso octubre, 2018). Disponible en: www.fascrs.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=153.
Vogel J. Anorectal fistula : Clinical manifestations , diagnosis and management principles. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Wald A. Bharucha A. Cosman B. Whitehead E. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Benign Anorectal Disorders. Am J Gastroenterol online publication, 15 July 2014; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.190.
Wild J, Webster L, Yamada T, Hale M .Safety and Efficacy of Naldemedine for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation in Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Receiving Opioid Therapy: A Subgroup Analysis of Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age. Drugs Aging. 2020;37(4):271.

Fisura anal

AGA guideline: Diagnosis and care of patients with anal fissure. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Ahmad J, Andrabi SI, Rathore MA. Comparison of topical glyceryl trinitrate with lignocaine ointment for treatment of anal fissure - A randomised controlled trial. Int J Surg 2007 Dec;5(6):429-32.
Anal fissure (chronic). Clinical Evidence. 2007. Disponible en: http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/conditions/dsd/0407/0407.jsp
Arroyo A, Montes E, Calderón T, Blesa I, Elia M, Salgado G, et al. Tratamiento de la fisura anal: algoritmo de actuación. Documento de consenso de la Asociación Española de Coloproctología y la Sección de Coloproctología de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos. Cirugía Española 2018; 96(5):260-7.
Arroyo A, Pérez-Vicente F, Serrano P, Candela F, Sánchez A, Pérez-Vázquez MT, et al. Treatment of chronic anal fissure. Cir Esp 2005;78(2):68-74.
Bleday R. Anal fissure: medical management. UpToDate Online 25, 2021 [base de datos en Internet]. Waltham: Update Software Ltd; 1992 [consultado el 1 de octubre de 2021]. [aproximadamente 2 pantallas]. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com/home/about/about%20
Breen E, Bleday R. Anal fissures: medical management. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Dhawan S, Chopra S. Nonsurgical approaches for the treatment of anal fissures. Am J Gastroenterol 2007 Jun;102(6):1312-21.
Jonas M, Scholefield J. What are the effects of the treatments for chronic anal fissure? Disponible en: http://www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/dsd/0407/0407.jsp.
Kelly T, Ballal M, Khera G. Randomized clinical trial comparing botulinum toxin injections with 0.2 per cent nitroglycerin ointment for chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg 2007;94:162-7.
Nelson R. Tratamiento no quirúrgico para la fisura anal. Non surgical therapy for anal fissure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; :CD003431.
Shrivastava UK, Jain BK, Kumar P, Saifee Y. A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial. Surg Today 2007;37(6):482-5.
Sileri P, Mele A, Stolfi VM, Grande M, Sica G, Gentileschi P, et al. Medical and Surgical Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Study. J Gastrointest Surg 2007 Nov;11(11):1541-8.
Steele S. Madoff. Systematic review: the treatment of anal fissure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;24:247-57.
Stewart D. Gaertner W. Glasgow S. Migaly J. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anal Fissures. Dis Colon Rectum 2017; 60: 7–14.
Tejirian T, Abbas MA. Sitz bath: where is the evidence? Scientific basis of a common practice. Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48(12):2336-40.
Wald A. Bharucha A. Cosman B. Whitehead E. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Benign Anorectal Disorders. Am J Gastroenterol online publication, 15 July 2014; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.190

Giardiasis. Lambliasis

Barthel L. Giardiasis. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Escobedo AA. Cimerman S. Giardiasis: a pharmacotherapy review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007 Aug;8(12):1885-902.
Leder K. Intestinal entamoeba histolytica amebiasis. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Minetti C, Chalmers RM, Beeching NJ, et al. Giardiasis. BMJ 2016; 355:i5369.
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:e45.
Zaat JO, Mank TH. Assendelft WJ. WITHDRAWN: Drugs for treating giardiasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Jul 18;(3).

Hemorroides

Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt G, Heels-Ansdell D, Johanson JF, López-Yarto M, Mills E, et al. Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD004649.
Alonso-Coello P, Zhou Q, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, Johanson JF, et al. Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006 Jan;101(1):181-8. [Review].
Alonso-Coello P, Zhou Q, Martínez-Zapata MJ, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, Johanson JF, et al. Meta-analysis of flavonoids for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 2006 Aug;93(8):909-20.
Bleday R, Breen E. Treatment of hemorrhoids. En: Rose BD. Uptodate, 2018.
Cataldo P, Ellis CN, Gregorcyk S, Hyman N, Buie WD, Church J, et al. Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids [revised]. Dis Colon Rectum 2005 Feb;48(2):189-94.
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre rectorragia. Manejo del paciente con rectorragia. Guía de práctica clinica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2002.
Jacobs D. Clinical practice. Hemorrhoids. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:944.
Lohsiriwat V. Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist's view. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9245.
Perera N, Liolitsa D, Iype S, et al. Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; :CD004322.
Quijano CE, Abalos E. Conservative management of symptomatic and/or complicated haemorrhoids in pregnancy and the puerperium. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD004077.
Thama MA, Campbell KL, Steele RJC. Non-operative treatment for haemorrhoidal disease. (Protocol). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;4. Disponible en: http://212.49.218.203/newgenClibPlus/ASP/logina.asp?product=CLIBPLUS&username=_USERNAME_&group=2660&server=UpdateUK&authcode=24450027393810122&country=ES&guest=_GUEST_
Barthel L. Giardiasis. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com

Hemorroides. Trombosis hemorroidal

Bleday R, Breen E. Treatment of hemorrhoids. En: Rose BD. Uptodate, 2018.
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre rectorragia. Manejo del paciente con rectorragia. Guía de práctica clínica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2002.
Prodigy guidance – Haemorrhoids. April 2002. Disponible en: www.prodigy.nhs.uk/guidance.asp?gt=Haemorrhoids
Rivadeneira DE, Steele SR, Ternent C, et al. Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids (revised 2010). Dis Colon Rectum 2011; 54:1059.
Wald A. Bharucha A. Cosman B. Whitehead E. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Benign Anorectal Disorders. Am J Gastroenterol online publication, 15 July 2014; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.190

Hepatopatías crónicas

AGA Technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1705-25.
Ahmed A, Wong RJ, Harrison SA. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Review: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:2062.
Andy S. Emmet B. Keeffe MD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastrointestinal disorders 2002;1(2):11-9.
Bacon BR, Adams PC, Kowdley KV, et al. Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2011; 54:328.
Diehl AM, Day C. Cause, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:2063.
Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la semFYC. Manual de enfermedades infecciosas en Atención Primaria 4.a edición. Barcelona: Congreso y Ediciones SemFYC; 2017.
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Madhotra R, Gilmore T. Recent developments in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. Q J Med 2003;96:391-400.
Mohsen A, Norris S. Hepatitis C (chronic). BMJ Clin Evid 2007;09:921.
Niederau C, Fisher R, Purschel A, Stremmel W, Haussinger D, Strohemeyer G. Long-term survival in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Gastroenterology 1996;110(4):1107-19.
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Singal AK, Bataller R, Ahn J, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcoholic Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113:175.

Hipo

Fishman M. Overview of hiccups. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Friejood CE, Ripster CB. Chlorpromazine in the treatment of intractable hiccups. JAMA 1955:157:309.
Lembo A. Aronson M. Kunins L. Hiccups. UpToDate Online 25, 2021 [base de datos en Internet]. Waltham: Update Software Ltd; 1992 [consultado el 1 de octubre de 2021]. [aproximadamente 2 pantallas]. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com/home/about/about
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Madanagopolan N. Metoclopramide in hiccup. Curr Med Res Opin 1975;3(6):371-4.
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Steger M, Schneemann M, Fox M. Systemic review: the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of hiccups. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:1037.
Wang T, Wang D. Metoclopramide for patients with intractable hiccups: a multicenter, randomised, controlled pilot study. Intern Med J. 2014;44(12a):1205.

Incontinencia fecal

Brown SR, Wadhawan H, Nelson RL. Surgery for faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; :CD001757.
Cheetham M, Brazzelli M, Norton C, Glazener CMA. Drug treatment for faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;4. Disponible en: http://212.49.218.200/newgenClibPlus/ASP/logina.asp?product=CLIBPLUS&username=_USERNAME_&group=2660&server=UpdateUK&authcode=99002569916146494&country=ES&guest=_GUEST_ç
Guillemot F, Bouche B, Gower-Rousseau C. Biofeedback for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Long-term clinical results. Dis Colon Rectum 1995:38:393.
Madoff RD, Parker SC, Varma MG, Lowry AC. Faecal incontinence in adults. Lancet 2004; 364:621.
Markland AD, Burgio KL, Whitehead WE, et al. Loperamide Versus Psyllium Fiber for Treatment of Fecal Incontinence: The Fecal Incontinence Prescription (Rx) Management (FIRM) Randomized Clinical Trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2015; 58:983.
Morren R, Hallbook H. Long-term results of electromyographic feedback training for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:1262.
Mowatt G, Glazener C, Jarrett M. Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Jul 18:(3).
NICE Faecal Incontinence Guideline.July 2007 Disponible en: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG49/guidance/pdf/English
Ng KS, Sivakumaran Y, Nassar N, Gladman MA. Fecal Incontinence: Community Prevalence and Associated Factors--A Systematic Review. Dis Colon Rectum 2015; 58:1194.
Norton C, Cody C, Hosker G. Biofeedback and/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006.
Norton C, Hosker G, Brazzelli M. Biofeedback and/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; :CD002111.
Paquette IM, Varma MG, Kaiser AM, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2015; 58:623.
Robson K, Lembo A. Fecal Incontinente. En: Rose BD. Uptodate, 2018.
Stojkovic SG, Lim M, Burke D, Finan PJ, Sagar PM. Intra-anal collagen injection for the treatment of faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 2006 Dec;93(12):1514-8.
Tong K, Lehman J. Biofeedback is effective therapy for fecal incontinence and constipation. Arch Surg 1997:132:829.
Wald A, Bharucha AE, Cosman BC, Whitehead WE. ACG clinical guideline: management of benign anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:1141.

Náuseas y vómitos

American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: nausea and vomiting. Gastroenterology 2001 Jan;120(1):261-3.
Barton J. Management of vertigo. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Domperidona y riesgo cardíaco: restricciones en las condiciones de autorización (Recomendaciones del Comité para la Evaluación de Riesgos en Farmacovigilancia europeo-PRAC). MUH (FV), 4/2014.
Fuman J. Treatment of vertigo. . ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD000145.
Koch k, Neurberger J. Leffler D. Assessment of nausea and vomiting, adults. BMJ Best Practice. Jun 2018
Longstreth G. Aproach to the adult with nausea and vomiting. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Metoclopramida: restricciones de uso, actualización de indicaciones y posología. AEMS. MUH (FV), 22/2013.
Ondasetron: prolongación del intervalo QT del electrocardiograma y nuevas recomendaciones de uso. Disponible en :
https://www.aemps.gob.es/informa/notasInformativas/medicamentosUsoHumano/seguridad/2012/NI-MUH_FV_14-2012.htm
Ondasetron: riesgo de defectos de cierre orofaciales (labio leporino, paladar hendido) tras su uso durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. Disponible en:
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Westby Mj. Metoclopramide for chemoterapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [Protocol]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003. Disponible en: http://212.49.218.200/newgenClibPlus/ASP/logina.asp?product=CLIBPLUS&username=_USERNAME_&group=2660&server=UpdateUK&authcode=99002569916146494&country=ES&guest=_GUEST_

Parásitos intestinales. Helmiantiasis. Oxiuriasis

Jourdan PM, Lamberton PHL, Fenwick A, Addiss DG. Soil-transmitted helminth infections. Lancet 2017.
Kucik CJ, Martin GL, Sortor BV.Common intestinal parasites. Am Fam Physician 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1161-8. [Review].
Ledder K, Weller F. Enterobiasis and trichuriasis. En: Rose BD. Uptodate, 2018.

Pirosis. Esofagitis por reflujo. Hernia de hiato

Aizpurua I. Braceras L. Lopez de Landache I. Fernandez A. Jaio N. lekue Z. et al Inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Recomendaciones de Uso Departamiento de salud Gobierno Vasco Mayo 2016. Disponible en: https://www.osakidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/publicaciones_informes_estudio/es_pub/adjuntos/Inhibidores_de_la_Bomba_de_Protones_Recomendaciones_mayo_2016.pdf
Alcedo J. Documento de actualización dela guía de practica clinica sobre la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en el adulto . Asociacion Española de Gastroenterologia. Madrid 2019.
Área de evaluación de medicamentos de la Consejería de Salud y servicios sanitarios del Principado de Asturias. Inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Selección de medicamentos 10/2006. Disponible en: www.princast.es/pls/portal301/docs/7022.pdf
Chang AB, Lasserson TJ, Kiljander O, Connor F, Gaffney T, Garske A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of gastro-esophageal reflux interventions for chronic cough associated with gastro-esophageal reflux. BMJ 2006.
Corley D, Ai Kubo M. Body Mass Index and gastroesophageal reflux disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101(11):2619-28.
Curcic J, Schwizer A, Kaufman E, Forras-Kaufman Z, Banerjee S, Pal A, et al. Effects of baclofen on the functional anatomy of the oesophago-gastric junction and proximal stomach in healthy volunteers and patients with GERD assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and high resolution manometry: a randomised controlled double-blind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40:1230-40.
Fuchs K. Babic B. Breihaupt W. Dallemagne B. Fingerhut A. Furnee E. Et al. EAES recommendations for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surgical endoscopy June 2014, Volume 28, Issue 6, pp 1753–1773
Grupo de trabajo de la guía de práctica clínica sobre ERGE. Manejo del paciente con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Guía de práctica clínica. Barcelona: Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, semFYC, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; 2001.
Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications. Ann Intern Med 2005 Aug 2;143(3):199-211.
Hirano I, Richter JE, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. ACG practice guidelines: esophageal reflux testing. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102:668.
Infac. Información fármaco-terapéutica de la comarca. Intranet Osakidetza 2006. Disponible en: http://www.euskadi.net/r33-2288/es/contenidos/informacion/infac/es_1223/adjuntos/infac_14n4.pdf
Kahrilas P. Hiatus hernia. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Kahrilas P. Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux in adults. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Kaltenbach T, Crockett S, Gerson LB. Are lifestyle measures effective in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? An evidence-based approach. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:965.
Katz P. Gerson L. Vela M. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Refl ux Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:308 – 328; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.444
Li S, Shi S, Chen F, Lin J. The Effects of Baclofen for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2014;2014:307805.
Ness-Jensen E, Lindam A, Lagergren J, Hveem K. Weight loss and reduction in gastroesophageal reflux. A prospective population-based cohort study: the HUNT study. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:376.
NICE. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia in adults: investigation and management.. Setiembre 2014 Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg184/resources/gastrooesophageal-reflux-disease-and-dyspepsia-in-adults-investigation-and-management-35109812699845
Ren LH, Chen WX, Qian LJ, Li S, Gu M, Shi RH. Addition of prokinetics to PPI therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(9):2412-9Sigterman KE, van Pinxteren B, Bonis PA, et al. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; :CD002095.
Wolfe M. Overview and comparison of the proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid-related disorders. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Wolfe M. Proton pump inhibitors Overview of use and adverse effects in the treatment of acid-related disorders.. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.). Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com

Prevención de la gastropatía por AINE

Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social. Utilizacion de antinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) en España, 1992-2006 Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es/medicamentosUsoHumano/observatorio/docs/AINE_92-06.pdf
Aizpurua I. Braceras L. Lopez de Landache I. Fernandez A. Jaio N. lekue Z. et al Inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Recomendaciones de Uso Departamiento de salud Gobierno Vasco Mayo 2016. Disponible en: https://www.osakidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/publicaciones_informes_estudio/es_pub/adjuntos/Inhibidores_de_la_Bomba_de_Protones_Recomendaciones_mayo_2016.pdf
Ballina J, Carmona L, Laffon A. El impacto del consumo de AINE en la población española. Resultados del estudio EPISER. Rev Esp Reumatol 2002;29(7):337-42.
Feldman M. Nazis: prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal toxicity. En: Rose BD. Uptodate 15.3, 2008.
Feldman M. NSAIDs (including aspirin) : Primary prevention of gastroduodenal toxicity. ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Acceso octubre, 2018.).. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
García LA, Hernández-Díaz S. The risk of upper gastrointetinal complications associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, acetaminophen and combinations of these agents. Artritis Research 2001;3(2):98-101.
Infac: Inhibidores dela bomba de protones (IBP): recomendaciones de uso. Agosto 2016. Disponible en: http://www.osakidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/cevime_infac/es_cevime/adjuntos/INFAC_24_n_8_%20IBP%20recomendaciones.pdf.
Papatheodoridis GV, Sougioultzis S, Archimandritis AJ. Effects of Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on peptic ulcer disease: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006 Feb;4(2):130-42. [Review].
Rostom A, Dube C, Wells G, Tugwell P, Welch V, Jolicoeur E. Prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(4):CD002296.
Vergara M, Catalán M, Gisbert JP, Calvet X. Meta-analysis: role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005 Jun 15;21(12):1411-8. [Review].

Prevención del sangrado por varices esofágicas

Bhardwaj A, Kedarisetty CK, Vashishtha C, et al. Carvedilol delays the progression of small oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Gut 2017; 66:1838.
Damico G. Malizia D. Leffler D. Oesophageal varices. BMJ Best practice. Julio 2017.
Funakoshi N, Duny Y, Valats JC, Ségalas-Largey F, Flori N, Bismuth M, Daurès JP, Blanc P. Meta-analysis: beta-blockers versus banding ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. Annals of Hepatology 2012; 11(3): 369-383.
Gluud LL, Langholz E, Krag A. Meta-analysis: isosorbide-mononitrate alone or with either beta-blockers or endoscopic therapy for the management of oesophageal varices. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:859.
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Logan R. Risk of adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients taking cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based nested case-control analysis. BMJ 2005 Dec 3;331(7528):1310-6.
Kumar A, Sharma P, Anikhindi SA, Prajapati R, Agarwal R, Sharma B et al. Can Non-Selective Beta-Blockers (NSBBs) Prevent Enlargement of Small Esophageal Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis? A Meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2017 Dec;7(4):275-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
Leontiadis GI, Sreedharan A, Dorward S, Barton P, Delaney B, Howden CW, et al. Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Health Technol Assess 2007 Dec;11(51):III-IV,1-164. [Review].
Papatheodoridis GV, Sougioultzis S, Archimandritis AJ. Effects of Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on peptic ulcer disease: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006 Feb;4(2):130-42. [Review].
Sanyal A. Primary prophylaxis against varicela hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. En: Rose BD. Uptodate Inc , acceso octubre 2018. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com
Snyder D.Evidence-based recommendations for older adults with Helicobacter pylori or those using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gastroenterol Nurs 2005;28(4):309-14.
Vergara M, Catalán M, Gisbert JP, Calvet X. Meta-analysis: role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005 Jun 15;21(12):1411-8. [Review].